Information System Introduction

System:

A system is a set of components that works together to achieve a common goal.

A system accepts input, processes it, and produces an output.

Two types of system

1. Closed system
2. Open System

Information System:

It is a set of inter-related components that

1. Collects Data
2. Manipulate Data
3. Disseminate data and information
4. Provide feedback to meet an objective

Characteristics of Information System:

Environment is anything outside the system

Boundary separates the system from environment

Input is the data from environment to the system. The system uses the input

Output is the information from the system to the environment

Components are the subparts of the system

Interface is a mechanism for interaction between different components of the system

Interrelationships are the associations between components of a system

MIS Important Questions

1.       Define MIS. Objectives of MIS And importance of MIS

2.       DSS. Characteristics of DSS

3.       Describe the structure of MIS

4.       What is Information System? Types of IS

5.       Explain the framework of IS

6.       What is planning? Explain planning process

7.       What is internet? Explain the uses of internet

8.       What is intranet and extranet

9.       What is e-commerce? Types of e-commerce

10.   What is Human Resource Information System(HRIS)? What are the advantages and disadvantages of HRIS.

11.   Explain different phases of System Development Lifecycle (SDLC) in detail?

12.   Define Supply Chain Management(SCM)? What are the objectives of SCM?

13.   What is RAD? Explain different phases of RAD model?

Tools for Planning

Tools for planning:

•        Creativity

•        Systems Approach

•        Sensitivity Analysis

•        Modelling

Creativity:

•        Ability to generate number of ideas rapidly.

•        Ability to change quickly from one frame of reference to another.

•        Originality in interpreting an event and generating different views on the situation.

•        Ability to handle with clarity and ease a complex relationship of various factors in a given situation.

Systems approach:

•        It uses all the areas and branches of knowledge.

•        It follows a scientific analysis to identify the problem.

•        It uses a model of complex situation to handle the problem.

•        It weighs cost against benefit for assessment of alternatives.

•        It deals with problems where time context is futuristic.

•        It considers the environment and its impact on the problem situation.

•        Every solution is tested on the grounds of rationality and feasibility and accepts a given criterion for selection of most preferred alternatives.

•        It uses operation research models if the problem is well defined.

Sensitivity analysis:

•        It helps to test validity of the solution in variable condition.

•        The problem situation is handled with certain assumptions and conditions.

•        If various factors are involved, the sensitivity analysis helps to assess the criticality of the factor against the impact it make on that solution.

•        The sensitivity analysis helps to test the validity of the optimal solution under changed conditions.

•         The sensitivity analysis helps to test the solution on the principal of utility.

Modeling:

•        A model is meaningful representation of a real situation on a mini scale, where only the significant factors of the situations are highlighted.

•        There are several types of models

•        Physical: house, park, or a sport complex.

•        Mathematical: break even analysis, linear programming, queuing, network.

•        A complex situation is represented using variables, constants and parameters which play significant role in that situation.

•        A model could be static of dynamic.

Dimensions of Planning

•        Time

•        Long range or short range.

•        Entity

•        The production in terms of quantity or new product. It could be about finance, marketing, capacity, manpower or research and development.

•        Organization

•        The corporate plan could deal with the company as whole.

•        Elements

•        The plan begins with the mission and goal which the organization would like to achieve.

•        Characteristics

•        The choice of characteristics is a matter of convenience helping to communicate to everybody concerned in the organization and for easy understanding in execution.

•        The typical characteristics of a corporate plan are goals, the resources, the important milestones, the investment details and a variety of schedules.

Concept of corporate planning in MIS

•        A plan is predetermined course of action to be taken in the future.

•        The goals and objectives that a plan is supposed to achieve, are the pre-requisites of the plan.

•        Planning is a dynamic process. As the future becomes present reality, the course of action decided earlier may require a change.

•        Planning involves a chain of decisions, one dependent on the other, since it deals with a long term period.

•        Long Range

•        A period of five or more years.

•        Deals with resource selection, acquisition, allocation.

•        Short Range

•        For one year at most.

DSS vs. MIS

DSS is more targeted than MIS system. MIS system provides managers with routine flows of data and assist in the general control of the organization. But, the DSS provides assistance in special discussion or class of decision. DSS provides end-user on control of data, tools, and decisions. MIS is still largely dominated by professionals. Users receive information from a processional staff of analysts, designers, and programmers. In terms of objectives. MIS focuses on structured information flows to middle manager. DSS is aimed at top managers and middle mangers, with emphasis on change, flexibility, and quick responds. With DSS is less of an effort to link users to structured information flows and a correspondingly grater reanalysis and deign. However, MIS usually follows graphics. Both DSS and MIS rely on professional analysis and deign. However, MIS usually follows a traditional system development methodology, whereas, DSS system consciously interactive, are never frozen and in a sense are never finished.

DSS provides integrated tools, data, models, and languages to users. MIS proves structured information to end users. DSS established what tools are used in the decision process. MIS identify information requirements, DSS are interactive process, and MIS deliver system based on the frozen requirements.

DSS Overview

 

DSS is often isolated form the organization’s TPS, MIS and EIS. The main components of DSS are the model base, the DSS database, and DSS software system and sure interface. 

·       Database Management System (DBMS): To solve a problem the necessary data may come from internal or external database. In an organization, internal data are generated by a system such as TPS and MIS. External data come from a variety of sources such as newspapers, online data services, databases (financial, marketing, human resources).

·       Model Management System: It stores and accesses models that managers use to make decisions. Such models are used for designing manufacturing facility, analyzing the financial health of an organization, forecasting demand of a product or service, etc.

Support Tools: Support tools like online help; pulls down menus, user interfaces, graphical analysis, error correction mechanism, facilitates the user interactions with the system.